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Ghost Dancers did not threaten local settlers (who, indeed, visited Ghost Dances as spectators). Desperate Indians turned to a new religion, the Ghost Dance, which promised to resurrect the loved ones lost in the past year and to bring back ample food. Spring 1890 brought rain and renewed hope for good farm yields, but a hot summer wind burned the crops away. When an influenza epidemic engulfed the world that winter, the Sioux, especially Indian children, died in disproportionate numbers. Indians went into the winter of 1889 hungry and dispirited. Their food supply dropped further when an agent collecting information for the 1890 census undercounted the Indian population on which the government calculated necessary supplies and food stores. Their farms could not make up for the loss of hunting ground, for the 1889 land negotiations had taken place during the growing season, and Indians went home from the land meetings to find their fields ruined. Indians had been corralled onto six, much smaller reservations, with far less game for hunting. Before 1889, they had lived on the Great Sioux Reservation, which covered the western half of what is now the state of South Dakota, but in 1889, the government had taken much of that land. In December 1890, the army was trying to calm tensions in the brand new state of South Dakota. These are the medals awarded to soldiers who participated in the 1890 Wounded Knee Massacre. But the odd circumstances of the history of the Medal of Honor mean that there are twenty medals that have been contested almost since the day they were awarded.
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With the award, the nation celebrates our true military heroes. Yes, the Executive Order does not limit who may nominate someone so long as the candidate is a United States citizen.Today we honor the recipients of the Medal of Honor, a military honor often mistakenly called the Congressional Medal of Honor. However the leaders of a group may receive the medal, as in 1982 when the medal was awarded to the Matthews-Dickey Boys and Girls Club founders.Ĭan a person who nominated himself or herself be considered to receive the Medal? No, according to the Executive Order, the medal must be awarded to a citizen or citizens.
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For example, President Bush presented Mike Feinberg and Dave Levin, co-founders of the Knowledge is Power Program (KIPP), the Presidential Citizens Medal in 2008.Ĭan an organization be considered for the Medal? Yes, the medal is awarded at the President’s discretion. Yes, the Executive Order provides that the medal may be bestowed by the President in his sole discretion on any citizen of the United States.Ĭan more than one person be considered in a single nomination? May a former President be considered to receive the Medal? No, the 2013 Citizens Medal criteria explicitly state that service must be performed outside of their regular job. May a person be considered for the medal if their act of service is part of their regular job? Yes, the terms of the Executive Order provide that the medal must be awarded to a citizen of the United States. Yes, according to 1969 Executive Order 11494, the Citizen’s Medal may be awarded posthumously.ĭoes the nominee need to be a US citizen? The ideal nominee for a Citizens Medal is a person whose work has had a meaningful and lasting impact on the lives of others.Ĭan I nominate someone who is no longer living for the Citizens Medal? Whose service has had a sustained impact on others’ lives and provided inspiration for others to serve. Whose service relates to a long-term or persistent problem. Individuals who have made efforts to combat stubbornly persistent problems that impact entire communities, for example those who have taken innovative steps to address hunger, homelessness, the dropout crisis, lack of access to health care, and other issues that plague too many Americans. Who have helped their country or their fellow citizens through one or more extraordinary acts. Individuals who have demonstrated notable skill and grace, selflessly placed themselves in harm’s way, taken unusual risks or steps to protect others, made extraordinary efforts to further a national goal, or otherwise conducted themselves admirably when faced with unusually challenging circumstances. Who have a demonstrated commitment to service in their own community or in communities farther from home. Someone who has engaged in activities that have had an impact in their local community, on a community or communities elsewhere in the United States or on fellow citizens living or stationed around the world.